Hence much of the present debate about whether the West is in terminal decline misses the point: Western civilisation has no geographical or cultural limits, but is the first in history to be universal. The West is not a place but a state of mind: the state of harmony between faith and reason. Western values can only be supplanted by those who hold to theirs more tenaciously than we do. Some doubt our tenacity. When Communist China refused to allow Liu Xiaobo, the leading dissident, to receive his 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, 16 other governments followed the Chinese lead and boycotted the ceremony. Liberty inspires neither love nor fear in Beijing's cabal.
Yet the doughtiest fighters for freedom still cleave to the West. When the Nobel Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa received his prize, he denounced the "new forms of barbarism" which must be confronted and defeated: "We should not allow ourselves to be intimidated by those who want to snatch away the freedom we have been acquiring over the long course of civilisation." Vargas Llosa has never let himself be intimidated, even when accused of treason, and he has always asserted his right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. After a lifetime of struggle, he is still demanding those same rights for the peoples of China and Burma, of Cuba and Venezuela, of Iran and Afghanistan. Just as he denounced dictatorship as "an absolute evil", so he sees literature as "an absolute necessity" for civilisation. When he evoked his native Peru, he was not afraid to praise the Spaniards who brought with them "Greece, Rome, the Judaeo-Christian tradition, the Renaissance, Cervantes". This is the civilisation we defend: from the Andes to the Alps, and from the Yangtze to the Nile. Wherever Mario Vargas Llosa is — and he is a man of the world in the best sense — there is Western civilisation.


















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