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Evans's assertion that there is no evidence of anti-Semitism on Toepfer's part also follows Mommsen. When Evans writes that there is no example of an anti-Semitic statement by Toepfer, this is incorrect, incomplete and, more important, irrelevant. Toepfer's links with Alfred Zander are not described in the official history. Zander was the Swiss Nazi who provided the main defence of the genuineness of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion in the celebrated Berne trial of 1934.  Given the fact that — as admitted in the official history-Toepfer's papers were weeded, Toepfer's attitude toward Jews must be judged on the basis of his actions after the war, when he knew about the Holocaust, no longer had any self-interest in supporting leading Nazis and was free to distance himself from them. The fact that Toepfer went out of his way to give employment and aid after the defeat of Hitler to some of the most notorious mass murderers of Jews and to honour Nazi intellectuals is itself evidence of anti-Semitism.

It takes a considerable effort of the imagination to provide an alternative explanation of Toepfer's courtship of top Nazis post-1945. Pogge von Strandmann writes that it is inexplicable. Evans chooses to believe a Toepfer manager who had himself held the rank of general in the SS and who wrote that Toepfer had sympathy for persons unjustly treated by Allied occupation forces. Evans is taking historical empathy too far when he writes that after the war, "Toepfer considered Nazi crimes to have been carried out by a tiny criminal clique, to which his friends did not belong. Regular Germans were not Nazis, he thought, and he was in a position to help the victims of ‘victors' justice'."

When such feelings result in support for the likes of SS Lieutenant General Best, SS Major General Riecke, SS Major General Lauterbacher, SS Brigadier Edmund Veesenmayer, and SS Colonel Hermann Bickler, the person who entertains them surely deserves to be called an anti-Semite.

Evans also risks descending a slippery slope when he agrees with Mommsen in suggesting that Toepfer's apparent status as a "conservative" nationalist and racist who approved of Hitler's rise to power clearly differentiated him from being a Nazi. This distinction leads to the further conclusion — adumbrated by Pogge von Strandmann as well as Evans — that the Toepfer brand of racialist nationalism was little different from that of such British imperialists as Cecil Rhodes.

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GW
September 1st, 2011
5:09 PM
Nothing has changed. Germany just went quiet for a while. http://germanywatch.blogspot.com/2011/08/dodgy-ngos-and-arab-spring.html

Frank Adam
August 21st, 2011
10:08 AM
I was a teenager in the 50's and remember all this for real as well as the Americans in Reader's Digest etc trying to persuade us the Germans had been hard done to by the Russians when there were still bomb sites across my patch of London. Also becaus eof the Cold War and to act up to the Arabs the Eisenhower Admin refused to move its embassy to Jerusalem nor did it lean on the Arabs to fulfil their UN Charter obligations to recognise Israel and lay off harrassment. We are still paying the price for that short term blinkered policy in tha the Arabs think that for the oil and UN votes they can get away with political guttersnipe behaviour.

Roy Weston
August 19th, 2011
4:08 PM
It was once suggested that 16 million Germans could have been charged with involvement in the Holocaust. Of course, it was never suggested how 16 million people could be put on trial, but that was never the point. The point was that if a large enough figure could be established, that would guarantee that justice could never be done, then it could always be claimed that justice never was done and could be used as a reminder every time interest in the Holocaust was in decline. This article seems to be just a variation of that theme.

max
August 15th, 2011
3:08 PM
Michael Pinto-Duschinsky is to be congratulated on his perseverance, although starting-off with a summary of the case might have been useful. Entrenched financial interest and the passage of time are two powerful forces of inertia to overcome, and there are, surely, numerous Toepfers out there in Europe, Asia and Africa. There have been too many instances of mass murder, and there are lessons to be learned for humanity's sake. But it gets progressively harder to learn them. There are two parts to making it happen. 1. is extracting the evidence. 2. is making it count. 1. is of limited value without 2., and I wonder whether there might be a way of leveraging the effect of work such as Michael's. For instance, adapting the Fairtrade playbook, one might consider creating a seal of approval for organisations which have had the courage to discuss their roles openly and a seal of disapproval for those which have not and publicising them both. The act of burdening a corporate brand with a seal of disapproval widens the circle of those who perceive the corporation as having a case to answer, and it creates a focus for discussing the issues which, in these times of corporate social responsibility, can be difficult to ignore. Anyway, this Walm Lane kid welcomes the Teignmouth Road kid's work.

Ian Mordant
August 8th, 2011
7:08 PM
No I don't agree with Ken Wilsher. Sure we brits are highly imperfect in our own record. of course we do not only have differences with the Germans; we have many similarities too. nevertheless the attempt to get at the truth in all its complexity and perplexity should always be pursued, especially in matters of mass murder. Should we, because say our involvement with slavery, also take no interest in the escape of mass murderers from Rwanda? I think not. I want them pursued, to the ends of the earth and back again. And increase our taxes by a penny in the pound if thats what it takes to pursue them. Ian Mordant

Ken Wilsher
July 6th, 2011
7:07 PM
Well it was rather hard to beat the Germans. In that war, Britain, where I was a child, killed hundreds of thousands of Germans - mostly civilians - in the attempt. When the war finished I think the British just wanted to forget the whole nasty, morally dubious mess. It was not a time for moral posturing. 60 years after, hard though it may be - move on - please!

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