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The critics objected to my dating of the basic exegetical tradition to the first century CE and even earlier. They came up with a different definition of the "Binding of Isaac". Its essence is not a voluntary self-offering, but the shedding of the blood of Isaac, that is, the most advanced and latest of the rabbinic ideas. This would mean that the concept of the Aqedah did not arise before the fourth century CE. 

It cannot therefore be considered as the source of New Testament ideas, but is a rabbinic counterclaim against the Christian doctrine of redemption. Omitting to mention that Isaac's carrying of the wood on his shoulder already appears in the Bible, Davies and Chilton imply that it is a feature that imitates the cross of Jesus.  

The active role of Isaac in the drama is dated by them after the destruction of Jerusalem. The ideas of Josephus, Pseudo-Philo and the Fourth Book of the Maccabees cannot be taken as representing the pre-70 CE period. All three wrote, according to Chilton and Davies, at the end of the first century or at the beginning of the second, whereas mainstream scholarly opinion holds that Josephus, whose work dates to the second half of the first century CE, used preexistent Jewish interpretative traditions and that the Book of Biblical Antiquities of Pseudo-Philo and 4 Maccabees were composed in the first half of the first century CE.

Then out of the blue, 24 years after the publication of Scripture and Tradition in Judaism, previously unknown Dead Sea Scroll fragments (4Q225-226) surfaced from Cave 4 (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, XIII, 1995), in which important details of the Aqedah story have survived. The work is definitely pre-Christian: the script belongs to the second half of the first century BCE, but the composition most likely comes from the mid-second century BCE. I give here my translation of the poorly preserved document. 

Some of the gaps are filled in with the help of the Bible or the Book of Jubilees. Essential comments are inserted between square brackets.

And a son was born af(ter)wards (to Abraha)m and he called his name Isaac. And the prince Ma(s)temah (=Satan) came (to G)od and accused Abraham on account of Isaac. 
[On hearing the heavenly praises of Abraham's love of God, Satan suggests that Abraham should sacrifice his son.]
And (G)od said (to Abra)ham, ‘Take your son, Isaac, (your) only (son) (whom) you (love) and offer him to me as a burnt offering on one of the ... mountains (which I will tell) you.' And he ro(se and he we)n(t) from the Wells
[The author probably interprets the name of the town of Beer Sheba as "seven wells".]
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integrity
November 13th, 2009
2:11 AM
It is always good the articles of Geza Vermes. I am not very educated in history, but it is a pure pleasure to read his discoveries, originating from the Dead Sea Scrolls research. His work is important, and acknowledged by the best scholars for its contribution to the human knowledge on the early Christianity.

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