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Now the orchestra says it cannot meet the rent at the over-bright new Verizon Hall, or feed the musicians' pension pot. Unless someone pumps in a few spare millions, the Fabulous Philadelphians are finished. "What would Philadelphia be without its orchestra?" cry traditionalists. Good question, but it's not the only one. Realists are demanding to know exactly what a city of six million wrestling with post-industrial decline gains from having a costly and cumbersome musical pantechnicon. Who needs a symphony orchestra? That's what they are asking, the world over.

Any competent historian would tell you that the crunch has been a long time coming. Symphony orchestras, evolving in the 1830s to meet subsistence needs of urban musicians and a rising demand for entertainment from a growing middle class, started out by playing music that was fresh and new. Leipzig, Vienna, Paris, Boston and New York led the way; Schumann, Brahms and Dvorak wrote the pops. Berlin gained an independent orchestra in 1882, Amsterdam in 1888, London in 1904, but these were small spring shoots before the big flowering.

The First World War precipitated a public need for musical comfort which, before radio and records, could be experienced only between the walls of a concert hall. The second war redoubled that urgency, audiences rushing to the ink-wet symphonies of Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Stravinsky and Vaughan Williams as to an oracle. By 1950, London had five full-time symphony orchestras, Vienna four, Berlin eight.

Attendance crossed all social barriers. In Angel Pavement, a 1930 novel by J. B. Priestley, a London clerk, Mr Smeeth, takes himself to Queen's Hall on a whim. They are playing Brahms, the first symphony. It was some time before he made much out of it. The Brahms of this symphony seemed a very gloomy, ponderous, rumbling sort of chap, who might now and then show a flash of temper or go in a corner and feel sorry for himself . 

What is significant about this response is that a lower-middle-class man with a very basic education feels that he has the wherewithal to understand great music on his own terms. By the time the big tune comes around in the finale, swelling his heart until it nearly chokes him, Smeeth is lifted out of his woes and endowed with hope for a better future. This perception of symphonic music as an improving grace was widespread. Two out of five Mass Observation diarists collected by Simon Garfield in Our Hidden Lives (Ebury Press, 2004) were regular concert attenders in the late 1940s. It was both "the done thing" in English cities to go to symphony concerts and a refuge from the otherwise inescapable gloom of postwar austerity.

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eddie s
December 5th, 2011
10:12 PM
Most Orchestra's are boring egotists and basically over paid Government Welfare receiptents who believe they should be adored and admired just for being them..They are not common people as in friendly; darling how drab to see those commoners in the last row.

clare robinson
July 28th, 2011
11:07 AM
(First violin, Netherlands symphony Orchestra, Orkest van het Oosten). I absolutely agree with everything John Borstlap has to say, particularly the last paragraph.

Anonymous
July 19th, 2011
3:07 AM
Kato. You must be joking. The bill that's coming due is most recently 8 years of theft camouflaged by 8 years of frivolous war. On another note: What makes you think orchestra members work 20 hours? Are you kidding? Do you even have a clue what goes into that work and how many real hours are involved in a concert season?

Ted Schrey Montreal
July 19th, 2011
1:07 AM
`The (many) reasons given for Lebrecht's "irreversible conclusion that the symphony orchestra will always survive..." remind me of the reasons why one can say churches will always survive. Some may survive. Most won't--is my "irreversible" conclusion.

kato
July 4th, 2011
2:07 PM
So private citizen Sarah Palin "recently" cut off arts funding, huh? And precisely which orchestras were affected? Frankly, I have never heard anything about them, although I am familiar with several of the Dutch radio orchestras. My point is that it is specious to compare Anchorage and Juneau with New York and Philadelphia. The bill for fifty years of big-government liberalism, with its chronic overspending and gross misallocation of resources is finally coming due, and the arts are only one aspect of society that is going to feel the consequences. There are dire times ahead, moreso in Europe than in the U.S. In cities like Detroit, Cleveland, and Philadelphia, the majority of the younger generations is uneducated or miseducated, and is completely unfamiliar with every single name in this article. For every one of them who may someday become a benefactor of an orchestra there are 100 who have become acclimated to receiving handouts. Talk about orchestra members making $100K for 20 hours work, the stagehands in places like New York make double and triple that amount, and their union bosses may make up to $500K per year. Is the taxpayer supposed to blindly continue to pay for this union theft in the face of multibillion-dollar deficits?

John Borstlap
July 3rd, 2011
12:07 PM
ORCHESTRAS ARE IN THE FRONT LINE In a society which gradually looses its understanding of its own high culture, finding justifications for the existence of orchestras through 'community work' and the like, will only contribute to the erosion of music life: reducing an orchestra to a community tool will lead to less and less understanding of what an orchestra is. Making music has many different forms, and orchestras are at the top of the art form and should be left to their own job which is in itself already time- and energy-consuming enough. The community outreach programmes should be the job of other musicians - pop, cross-over, world music and the like - NOT classical music orchestras. It is crazy to ask from orchestras like the Berlin Phil to try to help solve integration problems in immigrant quarters. It is only a sign of erosion, not a possible way into the future of orchestral practice. It seems to be more practical to solve the problems of 'the orchestra in the XXIst century' through 2 ways of reducing its museum culture: 1) education, by making music education a must on every level of the educational system; 2) new composition related to the fundaments of orchestral practice, i.e. new music rooted in tradition, which will inject new life into the repertoire. Classical music for the orchestra is complex but often sensational. It has a stimulating influence upon brain development (as proven by neuroscience), so it is an excellent tool for educational purposes. It orders emotional experience and has an identity-strengthening effect upon the psyche. It reinforces the universalism of the best of civilization. It is a spiritual product at the end of thousands of years of human evolution, embodying civilizational values. Recordings are always just a substitute of the real thing: live performances. Live performances by orchestras should thus be accessible to everyone, and thus it should be normal that the state (the tax payer, who also pays for roads, bridges, health insurance etc.) support orchestras, as a counterbalance to the eroding influences of modern life and the media culture, which threaten to create a new type of human being: glued to the material exterior of things and incapable of thinking, feeling, judging, acting. It is in the state's interest that its citizens develop as much as possible to independent, civilized beings capable of mature conduct: high art, in which classical music and its orchestras occupy a central place, should be central to the state's concern, as it should be to the educational system. To see orchestras as marginal to society, is a signal of a much broader war on civilization: it begins with dissolving orchestras but it ends with barbarism. Look what is happening now in the Netherlands: a rightwing populism government wants to reduce the country's art institutions to insignificant, marginal private entertainment for a rich elite. A wave of hostility by the uneducated masses towards all art, old and new, is now getting power and will soon turn Holland into a cultural waste land.

Barry
July 3rd, 2011
9:07 AM
martyspence: I find your comment totally incoherent. I suspect, however, that you're a jazz or rock fan with no understanding of the orchestral genre who believes that orchestral musicians can create a performance by mechanically reproducing the instructions in the score which can be interpreted like computer code. Heard it before - not even close. To equate orchestral musicians with people who paint by numbers is just plain silly.

Zhay Dhee
July 2nd, 2011
8:07 PM
To sit in a music hall and listen to your favorite symphony live, real time, among other listeners who expect you to listen in silence or leave (no pausing the cd or drifting out of the room to the fridge while the music plays), to Hear the phrases and movements with Dimension and Luscious Timbre is an experience one cannot have from the couch and it is for this that we are happy to buy a ticket. There is no doubt, though, that the repertoire has become stale. Who Really enJOYS Schoenberg and Shostakovitch? It seems to me, though, young musicians are finding ways to make the classical music training more Relevant: a young woman on youtube who plays Poker Face in the style of a Beethoven Sonata, a violinist who plays the Super Mario theme on his fiddle - something will come of this experimentation. Musicians grounded in composition who take this path are the future. The composers music was of their time - Bach rewrote the instrumentation of some of Vivaldi's Concertos for his own purposes, Beethoven and Brahms included folk songs as themes in their works - why shouldn't this generation include Lady Gaga's tunes? Perhaps only a few orchestras will survive in their current form and size and in only the biggest or wealthiest of cities. But it's not difficult to imagine an exciting collaboration between young composers and out-of-work classical musicians, a collaboration which could be the genesis for the future Canon.

Roper
July 2nd, 2011
7:07 PM
If Bach were there to hear it, it might not have been okay for him. I would worry.

Larry
July 2nd, 2011
3:07 AM
I am unable to agree that orchestras ~must~ be funded, for the same reason I wouldn't advocate my city's funding of a tea-ceremony troupe, no matter how refined or excellent. The trick is how to attract and retain public attendance: I wonder what success stories exist out there? Here in my city (Hobart) we have an excellent and refined orchestra which it is my joy to attend and thus my responsibility to support.

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